WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:16.575 Part 2 of 4. How the country is governed. In this part you will learn 11 key words from the Australian citizenship test material. For each word, you will hear a simple meaning, an example and a memory tip. At the end there are three quick questions. 00:00:16.775 --> 00:00:19.150 Constitution 00:00:19.350 --> 00:00:23.525 The main set of rules for how the country is governed. 00:00:23.725 --> 00:00:28.825 For example: The Constitution divides power into three parts. 00:00:29.025 --> 00:00:34.275 Memory tip: The Constitution is the rule book of the whole country. 00:00:34.475 --> 00:00:36.450 federation 00:00:36.650 --> 00:00:40.675 Separate areas joining to make one country. 00:00:40.875 --> 00:00:46.175 For example: The colonies joined in a federation in 1901. 00:00:46.375 --> 00:00:52.525 Memory tip: Six colonies joined together to make one country in 1901. 00:00:52.725 --> 00:00:54.300 colony 00:00:54.500 --> 00:00:58.525 A settled area set up by another country. 00:00:58.725 --> 00:01:04.225 For example: Governor Phillip set up the first colony in New South Wales. 00:01:04.425 --> 00:01:10.175 Memory tip: A colony is far from home. Another country set it up. 00:01:10.375 --> 00:01:13.300 constitutional monarchy 00:01:13.500 --> 00:01:18.450 A country with a king or queen who must follow the Constitution. 00:01:18.650 --> 00:01:23.375 For example: Australia is a constitutional monarchy. 00:01:23.575 --> 00:01:28.550 Memory tip: There is a King, but the Constitution is the boss. 00:01:28.750 --> 00:01:30.600 Head of State 00:01:30.800 --> 00:01:37.000 In Australia, the King of Australia. He must act in line with the Constitution. 00:01:37.200 --> 00:01:41.600 For example: The King is Australia's Head of State. 00:01:41.800 --> 00:01:48.850 Memory tip: Head of State means the top official of the country. In Australia, that is the King. 00:01:49.050 --> 00:01:51.375 representative 00:01:51.575 --> 00:01:55.500 A person who speaks and acts for other people. 00:01:55.700 --> 00:02:00.450 For example: An M P is a representative of the people. 00:02:00.650 --> 00:02:06.250 Memory tip: To represent means to speak for. Your M P speaks for you. 00:02:06.450 --> 00:02:07.575 Bill 00:02:07.775 --> 00:02:10.775 A proposal for a new law. 00:02:10.975 --> 00:02:16.475 For example: A Bill is a proposal for a new law or a change to a law. 00:02:16.675 --> 00:02:22.075 Memory tip: A Bill is not a law yet. It is only a proposal. 00:02:22.275 --> 00:02:24.500 Royal Assent 00:02:24.700 --> 00:02:29.025 The Governor-General signs a Bill, and it becomes law. 00:02:29.225 --> 00:02:33.775 For example: The Bill became law after Royal Assent. 00:02:33.975 --> 00:02:39.800 Memory tip: Assent means agree. A signature turns a Bill into law. 00:02:40.000 --> 00:02:42.650 legislative power 00:02:42.850 --> 00:02:45.650 The power to make laws. 00:02:45.850 --> 00:02:50.100 For example: Parliament has legislative power. 00:02:50.300 --> 00:02:56.650 Memory tip: Legislative starts with L, like laws. Parliament makes the laws. 00:02:56.850 --> 00:02:59.400 executive power 00:02:59.600 --> 00:03:02.975 The power to put laws into action. 00:03:03.175 --> 00:03:07.400 For example: Ministers have executive power. 00:03:07.600 --> 00:03:13.700 Memory tip: Executive sounds like execute. They put the laws into action. 00:03:13.900 --> 00:03:16.175 judicial power 00:03:16.375 --> 00:03:20.600 The power to decide what the law means and apply it. 00:03:20.800 --> 00:03:24.800 For example: Judges have judicial power. 00:03:25.000 --> 00:03:31.150 Memory tip: Judicial sounds like judge. Judges decide what the law means. 00:03:31.350 --> 00:03:45.900 Quick review. Look at each word and say it out loud: Constitution, federation, colony, constitutional monarchy, Head of State, representative, Bill, Royal Assent, legislative power, executive power, judicial power. 00:03:46.100 --> 00:03:54.475 Time for a quick quiz. Three questions about the words in this part. After each question, you will have five seconds to think. 00:03:54.675 --> 00:04:15.950 Question 1. Before Federation in 1901, how was Australia made up? A. One single colony ruled directly from Parliament in Canberra. B. Eight states, each with its own Constitution and head of state. C. Three large territories, ruled by the French and Dutch governments. D. Six separate, self-governing British colonies. 00:04:21.150 --> 00:04:33.850 The answer is D. Six separate, self-governing British colonies. After British settlement and before 1901, Australia was made up of six separate, self-governing British colonies. 00:04:34.050 --> 00:04:50.700 Question 2. Which three powers does the Australian Constitution divide the power of government between? A. Federal, state and local. B. Military, police and civil. C. Legislative, executive and judicial. D. Royal, religious and political. 00:04:55.900 --> 00:05:07.675 The answer is C. Legislative, executive and judicial. The Constitution divides the power of government between the legislative (Parliament), executive and judicial powers. 00:05:07.875 --> 00:05:21.950 Question 3. What is 'Royal Assent'? A. The Prime Minister's vote in the Senate. B. A vote by the High Court. C. A ceremony at a citizenship event. D. The Governor-General signing a Bill so that it becomes law. 00:05:27.150 --> 00:05:40.675 The answer is D. The Governor-General signing a Bill so that it becomes law. The Governor-General's role includes signing all Bills passed by the Australian Parliament into law (this is called Royal Assent). 00:05:40.875 --> 00:05:50.325 That is the end of this part. Try the sample questions on our website, and say each word out loud in English. Good luck with your study.