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Part 3 of 4. Elections, rights and courts. In this part you will learn 6 key words for the Canadian citizenship test. For each word, you will hear a simple meaning, an example and a memory tip. At the end there are three quick questions.

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Riding

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The area that elects one M P.

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For example: The candidate with the most votes wins the riding.

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Memory tip: A riding is a voting area. One riding, one M P.

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Ballot

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The paper where you mark your vote.

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For example: Voters mark their choice on a ballot.

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Memory tip: A ballot is your voting paper. Your vote is secret.

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Minority government

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A government whose party has less than half of the seats.

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For example: In a minority government, the party has fewer than half of the seats.

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Memory tip: Minority means less than half of the seats.

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Charter

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The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. It protects basic freedoms.

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For example: The Charter protects freedoms such as freedom of expression.

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Memory tip: A charter is a list of rights. It protects your freedoms.

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Supreme Court

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The highest court in Canada.

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For example: The Supreme Court of Canada has nine judges.

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Memory tip: Nine judges at the very top of the courts.

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Presumption of innocence

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You are innocent until a court proves you guilty.

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For example: Under the presumption of innocence, a person is innocent until proven guilty.

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Memory tip: Innocent until proven guilty.

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Quick review. Look at each word and say it out loud: Riding, Ballot, Minority government, Charter, Supreme Court, Presumption of innocence.

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Time for a quick quiz. Three questions about the words in this part. After each question, you will have five seconds to think.

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Question 1. What is a minority government? A. A government with no Opposition. B. A government of one province. C. A government with only a few ministers. D. A government whose party has fewer than half of the seats.

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The answer is D. A government whose party has fewer than half of the seats. A minority government needs support from other parties to pass laws.

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Question 2. Which document guarantees the fundamental freedoms of everyone in Canada? A. The Act of Union. B. The Royal Proclamation. C. The Treaty of Paris. D. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

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The answer is D. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Charter is part of Canada's Constitution and sets out the rights and freedoms that protect everyone in Canada.

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Question 3. What principle says a person is considered innocent until proven guilty? A. Responsible government. B. Judicial appointment. C. The presumption of innocence. D. Parliamentary privilege.

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The answer is C. The presumption of innocence. The Crown must prove guilt, and the accused does not have to prove innocence.

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That is the end of this part. Try the sample questions on our website, and say each word out loud in English. Good luck with your study.